Late-night teens 'face greater depression risk'

Going to bed earlier protects teenagers against depression and suicidal thoughts, New York research suggests.

Of 15,500 12 to 18-year-olds studied, those who went to bed after midnight were 24% more likely to have depression than those who went before 2200.

And those who slept fewer than five hours a night had a 71% higher risk of depression than those who slept eight hours, the journal Sleep reports.

It is estimated 80,000 UK children and young people have depression.

The researchers from Columbia University Medical Center in New York looked at data from 15,500 teenagers collected in the 1990s.

One in 15 of those studied were found to have depression.

As well as the higher risk of depression, those who were set a bedtime by their parents of after midnight were 20% more likely to think about suicide than those whose bedtime was 2200 or earlier.

Those who had less than five hours sleep a night were thought to have a 48% higher risk of suicidal thoughts compared with those who had eight hours of sleep.

Teenagers who reported they "usually get enough sleep" were 65% less likely to be depressed.

Depression and suicidal thoughts were also more likely in girls, older teenagers and in those who had a lower self-perception of how much parents care about them.

Most of the parents of the adolescents in the study set a bedtime of 2200 or earlier.

A quarter set a bedtime of 2400 or later.

On average the teenagers were having seven hours and 53 minutes sleep a night - less than the nine hours recommended at that age.

Study leader Dr James Gangwisch said although it it was possible that youngsters with depression struggle to sleep, the fact that parental set bedtimes were linked with depression suggests that a lack of sleep is somehow underpinning the development of the condition.

He said a lack of sleep could affect emotional brain responses and lead to moodiness that hindered the ability to cope with daily stresses.

This moodiness could affect judgment, concentration and impulse control.

Regular exercise

"Adequate quality sleep could therefore be a preventative measure against depression and a treatment for depression," he added.

Sarah Brennan, chief executive at the mental health charity YoungMinds, said: "Enough sleep, good food and regular exercise are all essential to stay emotionally healthy.

"Nearly 80,000 children and young people suffer with depression, yet we are still failing to provide our young people with the help and support to cope with it and prevent it.

"Providing parents with information about how to look after your body, for example by getting enough sleep, and how to get help if they are worried about their teenager, will ensure problems are tackled early and prevent serious mental health conditions such as depression."

England scrape draw in first Test with South Africa

England survived a dramatic collapse to salvage a draw in a thrilling finish to the first Test against South Africa.

The tourists resumed on 11-1 needing a distant 364 but two wickets fell in the first 13 overs before Kevin Pietersen and Jonathan Trott calmly shared 145.

But Pietersen (81) inexplicably called for a run and Trott stood his ground.

Trott made 69 before debutant Friedel de Wet struck three times as five fell for 13 but Graham Onions kept out the final over as England closed on 228-9.

Having slumped to 27-3, the fourth-wicket partnership left all results still possible at the tea interval, with 195 needed from the remaining 35 overs.

Even after Pietersen's needless dismissal, Trott's resolute fifty, to add to his century on his debut in the final Ashes Test last summer, looked to have guided England to a comfortable draw.

The South Africans took the second new ball at the start of the final hour almost as a token final gamble, but 29-year-old De Wet, regularly bowling in excess of 90mph, captured 3-2 in four overs.

Slow left-armer Paul Harris took the eighth wicket when Stuart Broad was clearly caught behind, a decision upheld after a replay borne out of sheer desperation, and there were 44 balls of the match remaining.

Hero of the first innings Graeme Swann was then trapped plumb lbw by Morne Morkel, the final referral used out of even greater despair and quickly rejected, leaving three overs and one ball for last man Onions to survive with county colleague Collingwood, who made 26 from 99 balls.

The final over was given to Makhaya Ntini, in his 100th Test, but Onions defended resolutely, keeping out one that crept low and would have defeated many a top order player, and England escaped to ensure the series heads to Durban for the Boxing Day Test with the series still 0-0.

Pietersen had produced a masterful innings and looked set for his third century in only five Tests against the South Africans.

Never one to be dictated to, he brought up the 50 in the 27th over with a crunching cover drive for four.

He had one notable moment of anxiety on 39 when he was knocked off his feet by one that kept low from Morkel and the ball would have knocked out middle stump, but umpire Steve Davis correctly spotted a no-ball and South Africa captain Graeme Smith incorrectly thought he could refer the decision.

Pietersen duly flicked the next ball for four and quickly advanced to his 16th Test fifty, which came from just 76 deliveries.

His partner Trott was less flamboyant, as the vast majority of batsmen are, but played a pivotal role nonetheless.

Such was the dominance of England's South African-born pair that Smith called on Jacques Kallis to send down three experimental overs despite not being fully fit following a rib injury.

There were few alarms until Pietersen pushed a single without even looking at his startled partner and arrived at the non-striker's end whilst Trott was still bellowing a refusal of the run.

Bowler De Wet simply gathered the ball and took off the bails in mid-stride and suddenly it looked a different game.

New batsman Collingwood soon edged just short of second slip as the South Africans attempted to crank up the pressure and sneak an unlikely win in the closing overs.

Trott remained admirably calm, however, to guide his team to the final hour, but the South Africans took one last gamble with the second new ball and once again the harder seam of a shiny Kookaburra produced results.

A brutal delivery from De Wet rose up and caught Trott on the thumb, with AB de Villiers taking a stunning low one-handed catch to his left at third slip.

That brought in Ian Bell, well aware of the need to justify his selection after the embarrassment of his first innings dismissal when he left a straight ball.

He could only edge another impressive De Wet delivery and Mark Boucher took an outstanding low catch.

When Matt Prior fell in similar fashion it looked as though England were heading for another of their ignominious defeats, but they were indebted once again to the fighting qualities of Collingwood.

He had shielded Onions expertly, but looking for a single to retain the strike off the final ball of the penultimate over he timed it too well and it trickled for four, although his partner showed admirable composure as the final-wicket pair did Durham and England proud.